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# Linux常用命令 | ||
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## 系统服务管理 | ||
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### systemctl | ||
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- 启动服务:systemctl start httpd.service | ||
- 关闭服务:systemctl stop httpd.service | ||
- 重启服务(不管是否在运行):systemctl restart httpd.service | ||
- 重新载入配置(不中断服务):systemctl reload httpd.service | ||
- 查看运行状态:systemctl status httpd.service | ||
- 设置开机启动:systemctl enable httpd.service | ||
- 禁止开机启动:systemctl disable httpd.service | ||
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## 文件管理 | ||
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### ls | ||
- 列出/home目录下的子目录:ls -l /home | ||
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### pwd | ||
显示当前工作目录 | ||
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### cd | ||
切换目录: cd /usr/local | ||
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### date | ||
以指定格式显示日期;date '+date:%x time:%X' | ||
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### passwd | ||
修改root密码:passwd root | ||
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### su | ||
普通用户切换到超级用户:su - | ||
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### clear | ||
清除屏幕信息 | ||
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### man | ||
查看ls命令的帮助信息:man ls | ||
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### who | ||
- 查看当前运行级别:who -r | ||
- 显示用的登录详情:who -buT | ||
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### free | ||
以MB显示内存使用状态:free -m | ||
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### ps | ||
查看系统所有进程:ps -ef | ||
查看运行的java进程: ps -ef | grep java | ||
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### top | ||
查看系统当前活跃进程信息 | ||
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### mkdir | ||
创建目录 | ||
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### more | ||
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分页查看 | ||
每10行显示一屏查看:more -c -10 | ||
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### cat | ||
查看config文件:cat -Ab config | ||
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### rm | ||
- 删除文件:rm a.txt | ||
- 删除文件夹: rm -rf a/ | ||
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### touch | ||
创建一个文件:touch a.txt | ||
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### cp | ||
将目录a的文件拷贝到目录b: cp -r /home/a /home/b | ||
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### mv | ||
移动或覆盖文件:mv a.txt b.txt | ||
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## 压缩与解压 | ||
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### tar | ||
- 打包文件夹到单独的文件:tar -cvf /opt/etc.tar /etc | ||
- 压缩文件夹到压缩文件(gzip):tar -zcvf /opt/etc.tar.gz /etc | ||
- 压缩文件夹到压缩文件(bzip2):tar -jcvf /opt/etc.tar.bz2 /etc | ||
- 查阅压缩包中内容(gzip):tar -ztvf /opt/etc.tar.gz /etc | ||
- 解压文件到当前目录(gzip):tar -zxvf /opt/etc.tar.gz | ||
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## 磁盘和网络管理 | ||
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### df | ||
查看磁盘占用情况:df -hT | ||
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### ifconfig | ||
查看当前网络接口状态 | ||
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### netstat | ||
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- 查看路由信息:netstat -rn | ||
- 查看所有有效TCP连接:netstat -an | ||
- 查看系统中启动的监听服务:netstat -tulnp | ||
- 查看处于连接状态的系统资源信息:netstat -atunp | ||
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### wget | ||
从网络上下载软件 | ||
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## 软件的安装与管理 | ||
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### rpm | ||
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- 安装软件包:rpm -ivh nginx-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64.rpm | ||
- 模糊搜索软件包:rpm -qa | grep nginx | ||
- 精确查找软件包:rpm -qa nginx | ||
- 查询软件包的安装路径:rpm -ql nginx-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64 | ||
- 查看软件包的概要信息:rpm -qi nginx-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64 | ||
- 验证软件包内容和安装文件是否一致:rpm -V nginx-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64 | ||
- 更新软件包:rpm -Uvh nginx-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64 | ||
- 删除软件包:rpm -e nginx-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64 | ||
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### yum | ||
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- 安装软件包: yum install nginx | ||
- 检查可以更新的软件包:yum check-update | ||
- 更新指定的软件包:yum update nginx | ||
- 在资源库中查找软件包信息:yum info nginx* | ||
- 列出已经安装的所有软件包:yum info installed | ||
- 列出软件包名称:yum list redis* | ||
- 模糊搜索软件包:yum search redis | ||
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## 网络安全 | ||
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### iptables | ||
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- 开启防火墙:systemctl start iptables.service | ||
- 关闭防火墙:systemctl stop iptables.service | ||
- 查看防火墙状态:systemctl status iptables.service | ||
- 设置开机启动:systemctl enable iptables.service | ||
- 禁用开机启动:systemctl disable iptables.service | ||
- 查看filter表的链信息:iptables -L -n | ||
- 查看NAT表的链信息:iptables -t nat -L -n | ||
- 清除防火墙所有规则:iptables -F;iptables -X;iptables -Z; | ||
- 添加过滤规则(开发80端口):iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT | ||
- 查找规则所做行号:iptables -L INPUT --line-numbers -n | ||
- 根据行号删除过滤规则:iptables -D INPUT 1 | ||
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