ch2 flavor

chapters/2-collaboration.Rmd

@@ -324,8 +324,8 @@ This book is intended to be agnostic to the size or origin of the data, but it
 assumes broadly that researchers are using one of the two most popular
 statistical software packages: R or Stata. (If using another language, like
 Python, many of the same principles apply, but the specifics will be different.)
-Most of the code work will be done in a code editor. For working in R, RStudio (
-<https://www.rstudio.com> ) is the typical choice. For Stata, the built-in
+Most of the code work will be done in a code editor. For working in R, RStudio 
+(<https://www.rstudio.com>) is the typical choice. For Stata, the built-in
 do-file editor is the most widely adopted code editor. However, it might be
 useful to consider using an external editor for R or Stata code. These editors
 offer great accessibility and quality features. For example, they can access an
@@ -698,10 +698,10 @@ for release of the code to the general public.
 ## Preparing to handle confidential data ethically {-}
 
 Most original data in a development research project include *personally
-identifying information* (PII). ^[**Personally identifying information** (PII)
+identifying information* (PII)^[**Personally identifying information** (PII)
 is any piece or set of information that can be linked to the identity of a
 specific individual. For more details, see the DIME Wiki at
-https://dimewiki.worldbank.org/Personally_Identifiable_Information_(PII).]
+https://dimewiki.worldbank.org/Personally_Identifiable_Information_(PII).].
 PII variables can include names, addresses, geolocations, email addresses, phone
 numbers, and bank accounts or other financial details. When working in a context
 or population that is small and specific or has extensive linkable data sources
@@ -728,7 +728,7 @@ involving PII, adhering to several core principles is essential. These
 principles include ethical approval, participant consent, data security, and
 participant privacy (for an example, see @baldwin2017reforming). Researchers
 based in the United States must become familiar with a set of governance
-standards known as “the Common Rule” @bierer2017revised. Researchers interacting
+standards known as “the Common Rule” (@bierer2017revised). Researchers interacting
 with European institutions or persons must also become familiar with the General
 Data Protection Regulation (GDPR; at <https://gdpr-info.eu>), a set of
 regulations governing data ownership and privacy standards. No matter where the
@@ -737,12 +737,12 @@ principles and practices will apply.
 
 ### Seeking ethical approval {-}
 
-Most of the field research done in development involves *human subjects*.^[**Human subjects**
+Most of the field research done in development involves *human subjects*^[**Human subjects**
 are any living individuals about whom a research team
 collects data through intervention or interaction with them, as well as any
 living individuals who can be identified readily using research data. For more
 details, see the DIME Wiki at
-https://dimewiki.worldbank.org/Protecting_Human_Research_Subjects.]
+https://dimewiki.worldbank.org/Protecting_Human_Research_Subjects.].
 Researchers ask people to trust them with personal information about themselves:
 where they live, how rich they are, whether they have committed or been victims
 of crimes, their names, their national identity numbers, and all sorts of other
@@ -792,17 +792,17 @@ additions to the study design, including an implicit association test and a new
 survey. The IRB approval was renewed twice, in 2016 and 2017. The following are
 highlights from the study IRB protocols:
 
- - *Voluntary study participation:* The study intervention was conducted
+ - *Voluntary study participation*. The study intervention was conducted
  through a smart- phone application. Through the app, users were offered
  payment to complete a set of tasks while using the metro. The tasks involved
  answering questions at different moments of the trip (before boarding the
  train, during the ride, and after leaving the train). At the start of each
  task, participants were asked to review the task and the exact value of
  payment and then decide whether to accept the task or not. There was no
  obligation to complete any task.
- - *Survey instruments:* translated drafts of all survey instruments were
+ - *Survey instruments*. translated drafts of all survey instruments were
  shared with the IRB
- - *Privacy protection:* The intervention was done using a specialized mobile
+ - *Privacy protection*. The intervention was done using a specialized mobile
  application developed by a partner technology company, which recruited users
  through social media. User data from the app were encrypted and stored in
  the cloud using Amazon Web Services. As per the user agreement, access to
@@ -811,7 +811,7 @@ highlights from the study IRB protocols:
  the raw data and released nonidentifying data to the researchers plus
  household coordinates (study participants provided informed consent to share
  this information).
- - *Risk:* Participants were tasked with riding the public transport system in
+ - *Risk*. Participants were tasked with riding the public transport system in
  Rio de Janeiro. Some general risk is inherent in traveling around Rio de
  Janeiro. However, the public transport system is widely used, and
  participants were expected to be persons who regularly take the train,
@@ -821,7 +821,7 @@ highlights from the study IRB protocols:
  risks. Half of the riders on the system were women, and only a small
  fraction of the cars were reserved for women, so the task of riding the
  regular carriage did not require users to enter an all-male environment.
- - *Ethical obligation:* When completing an assigned task, participants were
+ - *Ethical obligation*. When completing an assigned task, participants were
  asked whether they had experienced any harassment. If harassment was
  reported, the app directed the participant to the platform guards to whom
  she could report the harassment (guards are trained to respond to harassment