Merge branch 'master' of github.com:youngyangyang04/leetcode-master

problems/0019.删除链表的倒数第N个节点.md

@@ -289,6 +289,30 @@ func removeNthFromEnd(_ head: ListNode?, _ n: Int) -> ListNode? {
     return dummyHead.next
 }
 ```
+
+
+PHP:
+```php
+function removeNthFromEnd($head, $n) {
+    // 设置虚拟头节点
+    $dummyHead = new ListNode();
+    $dummyHead->next = $head;
+
+    $slow = $fast = $dummyHead;
+    while($n-- && $fast != null){
+        $fast = $fast->next;
+    }
+    // fast 再走一步，让 slow 指向删除节点的上一个节点
+    $fast = $fast->next; 
+    while ($fast != NULL) {
+        $fast = $fast->next;
+        $slow = $slow->next;
+    }
+    $slow->next = $slow->next->next;
+    return $dummyHead->next;
+    }
+```
+
 Scala:
 ```scala
 object Solution {

problems/0042.接雨水.md

@@ -744,6 +744,91 @@ var trap = function(height) {
 };
 ```
 
+### TypeScript
+
+双指针法：
+
+```typescript
+function trap(height: number[]): number {
+    const length: number = height.length;
+    let resVal: number = 0;
+    for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+        let leftMaxHeight: number = height[i],
+            rightMaxHeight: number = height[i];
+        let leftIndex: number = i - 1,
+            rightIndex: number = i + 1;
+        while (leftIndex >= 0) {
+            if (height[leftIndex] > leftMaxHeight)
+                leftMaxHeight = height[leftIndex];
+            leftIndex--;
+        }
+        while (rightIndex < length) {
+            if (height[rightIndex] > rightMaxHeight)
+                rightMaxHeight = height[rightIndex];
+            rightIndex++;
+        }
+        resVal += Math.min(leftMaxHeight, rightMaxHeight) - height[i];
+    }
+    return resVal;
+};
+```
+
+动态规划：
+
+```typescript
+function trap(height: number[]): number {
+    const length: number = height.length;
+    const leftMaxHeightDp: number[] = [],
+        rightMaxHeightDp: number[] = [];
+    leftMaxHeightDp[0] = height[0];
+    rightMaxHeightDp[length - 1] = height[length - 1];
+    for (let i = 1; i < length; i++) {
+        leftMaxHeightDp[i] = Math.max(height[i], leftMaxHeightDp[i - 1]);
+    }
+    for (let i = length - 2; i >= 0; i--) {
+        rightMaxHeightDp[i] = Math.max(height[i], rightMaxHeightDp[i + 1]);
+    }
+    let resVal: number = 0;
+    for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+        resVal += Math.min(leftMaxHeightDp[i], rightMaxHeightDp[i]) - height[i];
+    }
+    return resVal;
+};
+```
+
+单调栈：
+
+```typescript
+function trap(height: number[]): number {
+    const length: number = height.length;
+    const stack: number[] = [];
+    stack.push(0);
+    let resVal: number = 0;
+    for (let i = 1; i < length; i++) {
+        let top = stack[stack.length - 1];
+        if (height[top] > height[i]) {
+            stack.push(i);
+        } else if (height[top] === height[i]) {
+            stack.pop();
+            stack.push(i);
+        } else {
+            while (stack.length > 0 && height[top] < height[i]) {
+                let mid = stack.pop();
+                if (stack.length > 0) {
+                    let left = stack[stack.length - 1];
+                    let h = Math.min(height[left], height[i]) - height[mid];
+                    let w = i - left - 1;
+                    resVal += h * w;
+                    top = stack[stack.length - 1];
+                }
+            }
+            stack.push(i);
+        }
+    }
+    return resVal;
+};
+```
+
 ### C:
 
 一种更简便的双指针方法：

problems/0046.全排列.md

@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ function permute(nums: number[]): number[][] {
     return resArr;
     function backTracking(nums: number[], route: number[]): void {
         if (route.length === nums.length) {
-            resArr.push(route.slice());
+            resArr.push([...route]);
             return;
         }
         let tempVal: number;

problems/0047.全排列II.md

@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ var permuteUnique = function (nums) {
 
     function backtracing( used) {
         if (path.length === nums.length) {
-            result.push(path.slice())
+            result.push([...path])
             return
         }
         for (let i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ function permuteUnique(nums: number[]): number[][] {
     return resArr;
     function backTracking(nums: number[], route: number[]): void {
         if (route.length === nums.length) {
-            resArr.push(route.slice());
+            resArr.push([...route]);
             return;
         }
         for (let i = 0, length = nums.length; i < length; i++) {

problems/0052.N皇后II.md

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ n 皇后问题研究的是如何将 n 个皇后放置在 n×n 的棋盘上，并
 # 思路
 
 
-想看：[51.N皇后](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/lU_QwCMj6g60nh8m98GAWg) ，基本没有区别
+详看：[51.N皇后](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/lU_QwCMj6g60nh8m98GAWg) ，基本没有区别
 
 # C++代码
 

problems/0078.子集.md

@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ var subsets = function(nums) {
     let result = []
     let path = []
     function backtracking(startIndex) {
-        result.push(path.slice())
+        result.push([...path])
         for(let i = startIndex; i < nums.length; i++) {
             path.push(nums[i])
             backtracking(i + 1)
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ function subsets(nums: number[]): number[][] {
     backTracking(nums, 0, []);
     return resArr;
     function backTracking(nums: number[], startIndex: number, route: number[]): void {
-        resArr.push(route.slice());
+        resArr.push([...route]);
         let length = nums.length;
         if (startIndex === length) return;
         for (let i = startIndex; i < length; i++) {

problems/0084.柱状图中最大的矩形.md

@@ -486,5 +486,95 @@ var largestRectangleArea = function(heights) {
     return maxArea;
 };
 ```
+TypeScript：
+
+> 双指针法（会超时）：
+
+```typescript
+function largestRectangleArea(heights: number[]): number {
+    let resMax: number = 0;
+    for (let i = 0, length = heights.length; i < length; i++) {
+        // 左开右开
+        let left: number = i - 1,
+            right: number = i + 1;
+        while (left >= 0 && heights[left] >= heights[i]) {
+            left--;
+        }
+        while (right < length && heights[right] >= heights[i]) {
+            right++;
+        }
+        resMax = Math.max(resMax, heights[i] * (right - left - 1));
+    }
+    return resMax;
+};
+```
+
+> 动态规划预处理：
+
+```typescript
+function largestRectangleArea(heights: number[]): number {
+    const length: number = heights.length;
+    const leftHeightDp: number[] = [],
+        rightHeightDp: number[] = [];
+    leftHeightDp[0] = -1;
+    rightHeightDp[length - 1] = length;
+    for (let i = 1; i < length; i++) {
+        let j = i - 1;
+        while (j >= 0 && heights[i] <= heights[j]) {
+            j = leftHeightDp[j];
+        }
+        leftHeightDp[i] = j;
+    }
+    for (let i = length - 2; i >= 0; i--) {
+        let j = i + 1;
+        while (j < length && heights[i] <= heights[j]) {
+            j = rightHeightDp[j];
+        }
+        rightHeightDp[i] = j;
+    }
+    let resMax: number = 0;
+    for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+        let area = heights[i] * (rightHeightDp[i] - leftHeightDp[i] - 1);
+        resMax = Math.max(resMax, area);
+    }
+    return resMax;
+};
+```
+
+> 单调栈：
+
+```typescript
+function largestRectangleArea(heights: number[]): number {
+    heights.push(0);
+    const length: number = heights.length;
+    // 栈底->栈顶：严格单调递增
+    const stack: number[] = [];
+    stack.push(0);
+    let resMax: number = 0;
+    for (let i = 1; i < length; i++) {
+        let top = stack[stack.length - 1];
+        if (heights[top] < heights[i]) {
+            stack.push(i);
+        } else if (heights[top] === heights[i]) {
+            stack.pop();
+            stack.push(i);
+        } else {
+            while (stack.length > 0 && heights[top] > heights[i]) {
+                let mid = stack.pop();
+                let left = stack.length > 0 ? stack[stack.length - 1] : -1;
+                let w = i - left - 1;
+                let h = heights[mid];
+                resMax = Math.max(resMax, w * h);
+                top = stack[stack.length - 1];
+            }
+            stack.push(i);
+        }
+    }
+    return resMax;
+};
+```
+
+
+
 -----------------------
 <div align="center"><img src=https://code-thinking.cdn.bcebos.com/pics/01二维码一.jpg width=500> </img></div>

problems/0090.子集II.md

@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ var subsetsWithDup = function(nums) {
         return a - b
     })
     function backtracing(startIndex, sortNums) {
-        result.push(path.slice(0))
+        result.push([...path])
         if(startIndex > nums.length - 1) {
             return
         }
@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ function subsetsWithDup(nums: number[]): number[][] {
     backTraking(nums, 0, []);
     return resArr;
     function backTraking(nums: number[], startIndex: number, route: number[]): void {
-        resArr.push(route.slice());
+        resArr.push([...route]);
         let length: number = nums.length;
         if (startIndex === length) return;
         for (let i = startIndex; i < length; i++) {

problems/0093.复原IP地址.md

@@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ var restoreIpAddresses = function(s) {
             return;
         }
         for(let j = i; j < s.length; j++) {
-            const str = s.substr(i, j - i + 1);
+            const str = s.slice(i, j + 1);
             if(str.length > 3 || +str > 255) break;
             if(str.length > 1 && str[0] === "0") break;
             path.push(str);